Babbar matsalar da kasashen Turai suka fuskanta a cikin karni na sha tara, shine matsalar tattalin arziki, saboda karancin kayan da manyan masana’antunsu zasu sarrafa, da kuma rashin kasuwar da zasu sayar da kayan da masana’antun suka sarrafa. Wannan ya sanya kasashen suka hadu a Birnin Berlin a shekarar 1888, domin yin wani taro na kasa da kasa, domin su samarwa kansu mafita, daga wannan matsala da suka samu kan su aciki. Shi wannan taro shi ake kira Berlin Conference, ko kuma Scramble for Africa.
A wannan taro dai sun gano cewa, ya zama wajibi da su samarwa masanaantunsu sabuwar kasuwa da kuma Inda zasu rika samun kayan da masana’antun zasu sarrafa a farashi mai rahusa, koma a sawwake, suka kuma tsaida shawara cewa, babu inda zasu iya samun hakan, sai a nahiyar Africa.
Wannan ne ya sanya suka fara, tunanin yadda zasu iya mamaye nahiyar ta Africa, walau dai ta hanyar diplomasiyya da kulla huldar kasuwanci da daulolin na Africa ko kuma ta amfani da karfin Soja. Turawa da dama sun kwararo nahiyar ta Africa, musamman yammacin Africa, da ake ganin akwai karfin kasuwanci da yawan jama’a a yankin, turawa yan leken asiri irinsu; Overweig, Clapperton, Mungo Park, da su Heinrich Berth, duk sun zo a lokuta daban daban.
Amma wannan yarjejeniya ta Berlin bata yi tasiri ba, sai a karshen karni na 19, musamman a nan Nigeria. Bayan da turawa suka kafa wani Kamfani maisuna Royal Niger Company, Wanda ya dauki nauyin bada tallafin kudi, domin kafa rundunar sojan da zata tunkari wannan babban aiki, karkashin jagorancin wani babban soja maisuna Lord Frederick Luggard.
Wannan rundunar Soja da akasarin mutanenta bakake ne yan Africa maisuna West African Frontier Force, ko kuma Hausa Infantry, (saboda Hausawa sun fi yawa acikinta), ita turawa suka yi amfani da ita wajen cimma wannan buri nasu na kafa mulkin mallaka a Nigeria, tun daga Kasashen Kudu har zuwa Arewacin Nigeria.
Nasarar da suka samu a Kano a shekarar 1903, ita ta tabbatar da kafuwar mulkin mallaka a Nigeria baki daya.
Wannan nasara ce ta sanya turawa suka kasa kasar gida uku; Lagos Colony, Southern Protectorate, da kuma Northern Protectorate. Amma babbar matsalar ita ce wannan nasara ta zamar musu, samun duniyar dantsako, ba samun ba, yadda za’a ci. Domin matsalar farko da suka fuskanta ita ce ta , rashin isassun ma’aikata da zasu gudanar musu da ayyukan Yau da kullum, saboda yawan mutanen ingila a wannan lokaci, bai wuce daya bisa goma na yawan mutanen wannan sabuwar kasa da suka kafa ba. Abindi ya zamar musu; ana so aci duniya, hakorin gaba ya hana.
Hakan ya sanya turawa suka Shiga tunanin yadda zasu kafa sabon tsarin mulki ga wannan nahoyoyin nasu. Hanya ta farko itace shawarar da wata gogaggiyar yar jarida kuma uwargidan Gwamna Lugga, wato Flora Show, ko kuma Lady Luggard ta bayar, inda ta bada shawarar a hade yankunan guda uku, a mulke su karkashin gwamna janar daya, da kuma kananan gwamnoni guda biyu. Hakan kuwa akayi, inda aka hade su aka sanya musu suna; Nigeria, aka kuma kasa su gida biyu, Kudu da Arewa.
Baya ga wannan dalili, akwai dalilin tattalin arziki, wasu masana na ganin, turawa sun amince da hade yankunan karkashin kasa daya ne, saboda Arewa bata da karfin tattalin arzikin da zata iya rike kanta a wannan lokaci. Dan haka dole ayi amfani da kudaden da ake samu a kudu a tallafawa arewa.
Wannan tunani ne, masana tarihi a Arewa, suke ganin kamar shifcin gizo ne. Domin bayyana cewa, a wannan lokaci ba a gano akwai man fetur a Nigeria ba, abinda Kudu ke iya sayarwa bai wuce Coco ba. Na biyu kuma sun kara da cewa, a wannan lokaci, tuni tsarin kasuwanci na zamani ya jima da kankama, a arewa kuwa har a lokacin ana amfani da tsohon tsarin nan na kasuwanci da ake kira da Trans-saharan Trade. Dan haka, wancan tsarin kasuwanci na Transatlantic zai fi samarwa da Turawa kudin shiga fiye da wannan na arewa.
Haka kuma a lokacin mulkin turawa bai zauna da gindinsa ba a arewa, a cewar masanan, domin a lokacin da aka hade kasar a shekarar 1914, ba a fi shekara 10 da zuwan turawa ba, dan haka harkokin kasuwanci na zamani da turawa zasu iya samun kudaden shiga, bai kankama ba.
Saurari Cikakken Shirin Domin Karin Bayani ta bakin wakiliyar Sashen Hausa Madina Dauda
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